3.+History+and+Delivery+of+Speech

History of Speech
//Cicero Denounces Catiline//, [|fresco] by Cesare Maccari, 1840-1919. The first known work on the subject [//[|specify]//] was written over 3000 years ago, and the principles elaborated within it were drawn from the practices and experience of orators in [|ancient Greece]. In ancient [|Greece] and [|Rome], oratory was studied as a component of [|rhetoric] (that is, composition and delivery of speeches), and was an important skill in public and private life. [|Aristotle] and [|Quintilian] discussed oratory, and the subject, with definitive rules and models, was emphasised as a part of a [|liberal arts] education during the [|Middle Ages] and [|Renaissance]. The art of public speaking was first developed by the ancient Greeks. Greek oration is known from the works of [|classical antiquity]. Greek orators spoke as on their own behalf rather as representatives of either a [|client] or a [|constituency], and so any [|citizen] who wished to succeed in court, in politics, or in social life had to learn techniques of public speaking. These skills were taught first by a group of self-styled "[|sophists]" who were known to charge fees, to "make the weaker argument the stronger," and to make their students "better" through instruction in excellence. [|Plato], [|Aristotle], and [|Isocrates] all developed theories of public speaking in opposition to the Sophists, and their ideas took on institutional form through the development of permanent schools where public speaking was taught. Though Greece eventually lost political sovereignty, the Greek culture of training in public speaking was adopted virtually wholesale by the Romans. After the ascension of [|Rome], Greek techniques of public speaking were copied and modified by the Romans. Under Roman influence, instruction in rhetoric developed into a full curriculum including instruction in grammar (study of the poets), preliminary exercises ([|progymnasmata]), and preparation of public speeches (declamation) in both forensic and deliberative genres. The Latin style was heavily influenced by [|Cicero], and involved a strong emphasis on a broad education in all areas of humanistic study (in the liberal arts, including philosophy), as well as on the use of wit and humor, on appeal to the listener's emotions, and on digressions, often used to explore general themes related to the specific topic of the speech. Oratory in the Roman empire, though less central to political life, remained important in law, and became (under the second Sophistic) an important form of entertainment, with famous orators or declaimers gaining great wealth and prestige for their skills. This Latin style was the primary form of oration in the world until the beginning of the 20th century. After [|World War II] there began a gradual deprecation of the Latin style of oration. With the rise of the scientific method and the emphasis on a "plain" style of speaking and writing, even formal oratory has become less polished and ornate than in the Classical period, though politicians in democracies today can still make or break their careers on the basis of a successful (or unsuccessful) speech. [|Abraham Lincoln], [|Adolf Hitler], [|Marcus Garvey], [|John F. Kennedy], [|Bill Clinton], and [|George W. Bush] have all advanced their careers in large part due to their skills in oratory. [//[|citation needed]//] These basic principles have undergone modification as [|societies], and [|cultures] have changed, yet remained surprisingly uniform. The technology and the methods of this form of [|communication] have traditionally been through [|oratory] structure and rely on a large or sometimes somewhat small audience. However, new advancements in technology have allowed for more sophisticated communication to occur for speakers and public orators. The technological and media sources that assist the public speaking atmosphere include both [|videoconferencing] and telecommunications. [|Videoconferencing] is among one of the more recent technologies that is in a way revolutionizing the way that public speakers communicate to the masses. David M. Fetterman of [|Stanford University] printed in his 1997 article //Videoconferencing over the Internet//: "[|Videoconferencing] technology allows geographically disparate parties to hear and see each other usually through satellite or telephone [|communication] systems". This technology is helpful for large conference meetings and face to face communication context, and is becoming more widespread across the world...

Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. (March, 2011). Public speaking. Retrieved from []

**Delivery of Speech**

 * The Four major types of speeches are Persuasive, Instructional, Demonstrative, and Ceremony/Entertainment.**

"Rhetoric falls into three divisions, determined by the three classes of listeners to speeches. For of the three elements in speech-making--speaker, subject, and person addressed--it is the last one, the hearer, that determines the speech's end and object. The hearer must be either a judge, with a decision to make about things past or future, or an observer. A member of the assembly decides about future events, a juryman about past events: while those who merely decide on the orator's skill are observers. From this it follows that there are three divisions of oratory--(1) political, (2) forensic, and (3) the ceremonial oratory of display" (Aristotle, par. 1).

Aristotle (c. 350 BC). Rhetoric: Book 1 Chapter 3. (Trans. W Roberts). Retrieved from [|http://web.utk.edu/~glenn/Aristotle--TypesofSpeeches.html]

You can use Camstudio to help with your speech dilivery. The first Youtube video below discusses the the Four major types of speech in more detail, the second is an example of using Camstudio to clean up your material.

Four Major Types of Speeches Example 1:
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Four Major Types of Speeches Example 2:
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Tutorial video on how to use Camstudio and upload your videos on Youtube:
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